IRIS Nugget
Welcome to the IRIS Science Nuggets: highlights of recent IRIS scientific results for the solar physics community.
{"id":"pod_polito_vanessa_2024-06-13T20:09:49.447Z","submitter":"Milan Gosic","author":"Milan Gosic [1,2], Bart De Pontieu [1,3,4], Alberto Sainz Dalda [1,2]","status":"published","creation-date":"2024-06-13T20:09:49.496Z","last-modified-date":"2024-07-15T12:02:07.408Z","credit":"[1] Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, [2] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, [3] Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Oslo [4] Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics at the University of Oslo","title":"Global Impact of Emerging Internetwork Fields on the Low Solar Atmosphere","contentBlocks":[{"type":"text","text":"Emerging%20internetwork%20%28IN%29%20magnetic%20fields%20are%20spread%20all%20over%20the%20Sun%20and%20may%20play%20a%20crucial%20role%20in%20transferring%20energy%20and%20mass%20to%20the%20solar%20chromosphere%20and%20possibly%20the%20corona.%20Multiple%20studies%20show%20that%20single%20events%20of%20flux%20emergence%20can%20locally%20heat%20the%20low%20solar%20atmosphere%20through%20interactions%20of%20the%20upward%20propagating%20magnetic%20loops%20and%20the%20preexisting%20ambient%20field%20lines.%20However%2C%20the%20global%20impact%20of%20the%20newly%20emerging%20IN%20fields%20on%20the%20solar%20atmosphere%20is%20still%20unknown.%0A%0AIn%20this%20study%2C%20we%20analyzed%20the%20spatiotemporal%20evolution%20of%20emerging%20IN%20magnetic%20fields%20and%20their%20impact%20on%20the%20energetics%20and%20dynamics%20of%20the%20quiet-Sun%20atmosphere.%20To%20identify%20and%20track%20the%20emerging%20fields%2C%20we%20used%20coordinated%20observations%20obtained%20with%20the%20Interface%20Region%20Imaging%20Spectrograph%20%28IRIS%2C%20De%20Pontieu%20et%20al.%202014%29%2C%20the%20Hinode%20Narrowband%20Filter%20Imager%20%28NFI%3B%20Kosugi%20et%20al.%202007%3B%20Tsuneta%20et%20al.%202008%29%2C%20and%20the%20Atmospheric%20Imaging%20Assembly%20%28AIA%3B%20Lemen%20et%20al.%202012%29%20and%20the%20Helioseismic%20and%20Magnetic%20Imager%20%28HMI%3B%20Scherrer%20et%20al.%202012%29%20onboard%20the%20Solar%20Dynamics%20Observatory%20%28SDO%3B%20Pesnell%20et%20al.%202012%29.%0A%0AWe%20identified%20and%20tracked%20the%20spatiotemporal%20evolution%20of%20individual%20magnetic%20elements%20representing%20footpoints%20of%20161%20IN%20bipolar%20structures.%20Only%20seven%20of%20them%20were%20captured%20under%20the%20IRIS%20slit.%20Five%20bipoles%20are%20embedded%20in%20the%20background%20activity%20and%20do%20not%20produce%20any%20excess%20emission%20in%20the%20IRIS%20NUV%20and%20FUV%20spectral%20lines.%20Only%20a%20few%20bipoles%20can%20be%20associated%20with%20the%20chromospheric%20activity%2C%20such%20as%20the%20negative%20polarity%20footpoint%20%28B5%29%20in%20Figure%201%20that%20clearly%20shows%20an%20increase%20of%20the%20chromospheric%20temperature.%20Another%20example%20is%20bipole%20B1%20emerging%20next%20to%20an%20ongoing%20cancellation%20event%2C%20with%20which%20the%20positive%20footpoint%20starts%20interacting%20and%20eventually%20completely%20disappears.%20This%20cancellation%20maintained%20an%20increased%20chromospheric%20temperature%20for%2026%20minutes."},{"type":"image","file":"","url":"nuggetvideos/2024/06/13/pod_polito_vanessa_2024-06-13T20%3A09%3A49.447Z/fig1.png","hash":"5121a365b821d6a9a0f5de5a62f2e8bf","mimeType":"image/png","caption":"Figure%201%3A%20Temperature%20spatiotemporal%20map%20from%20the%20IRIS%5Cbegin%7Bequation%7D%5E%7B2%7D%5Cend%7Bequation%7D%20inversions%20at%20%5Cbegin%7Bequation%7D%20log_%7B10%7D%20%5Ctau_%7B500%7D%20%3D-5.8%20%5Cend%7Bequation%7D.%20The%20white%20boxes%20indicate%20locations%20and%20times%20when%20the%20emerging%20IN%20bipoles%20were%20under%20the%20IRIS%20slit."},{"type":"text","text":"The%20temporal%20evolution%20of%20all%20the%20detected%20bipoles%20can%20be%20seen%20in%20the%20animation%20accompanying%20Figure%202.%20As%20can%20be%20seen%2C%20the%20strongest%20emission%20visible%20in%20the%20IRIS%20filtergrams%20is%20cospatial%20with%20large%20IN%20clusters%20and%20network%20elements.%20The%20rest%20of%20the%20FOV%20is%20overwhelmed%20by%20smaller%20bright%20features.%20By%20visual%20inspection%20of%20IRIS%20SJI%20features%20above%20the%20detected%20bipoles%2C%20we%20determined%20that%20most%20of%20the%20bipoles%20are%20either%20embedded%20in%20regions%20with%20already%20ongoing%20activities%20in%20the%20chromosphere%20or%20the%20overlapping%20SJI%201400%20brightenings%20above%20them%20do%20not%20seem%20to%20be%20different%20from%20the%20background%20activity.%20Such%20an%20example%20is%20the%20loop%20inside%20Region%202%20shown%20in%20the%20SJI%201400%20panel.%20In%20contrast%2C%20the%20positive%20polarity%20magnetic%20element%20inside%20Region%203%20clearly%20impacts%20the%20chromosphere%20locally%20through%20interactions%20with%20the%20surrounding%20opposite%20polarity%20flux%20features.%20Also%2C%20the%20cluster%20within%20Region%201%20interacted%20with%20the%20nearby%20negative%20polarity%20network%20patches.%20Eventually%2C%20this%20region%20produced%20a%20surge-like%20event%2C%20which%20is%20expected%20to%20happen%20when%20new%20and%20preexisting%20fields%20reconnect%20%28Nobrega-Siverio%20et%20al.%202017%3B%20Guglielmino%20et%20al.%202018%29.%20In%20total%2C%20we%20find%20that%2028%25%20of%20the%20detected%20loops%20contribute%20to%20the%20chromospheric%20heating%20when%20manual%20identification%20is%20used%20and%2023%25%20when%20the%20automatic%20identification%20method%20is%20employed%20%28bearing%20in%20mind%20its%20limitations%20described%20in%20Gosic%20et%20al.%202024%29."},{"type":"image","file":"","url":"nuggetvideos/2024/06/13/pod_polito_vanessa_2024-06-13T20%3A09%3A49.447Z/fig2.png","hash":"8fbfc351d89f422f51c45ff6aeb5e30b","mimeType":"image/png","caption":"Figure%202%3A%20From%20left%20to%20right%3A%20Hinode%2FNFI%20magnetograms%20and%20linear%20polarization%20maps%2C%20IRIS%20SJI%201400%20and%20SJI%202796%20slit-jaw%20images.%20The%20detected%20flux%20patches%20belonging%20to%20the%20same%20bipole%20have%20the%20same%20contour%20colors.%20Regions%201%2C%202%2C%20and%203%20%28red%20ellipses%29%20show%20the%20largest%20emerging%20cluster%20of%20magnetic%20elements%2C%20one%20small-scale%20internetwork%20loop%2C%20and%20a%20network%20patch%20originating%20in%20a%20previously%20emerged%20internetwork%20bipole."},{"type":"text","text":"Limited%20activity%20in%20the%20lower%20solar%20atmosphere%20within%20the%20observed%20QS%20region%20is%20also%20apparent%20in%20the%20AIA%20filtergrams%20displayed%20in%20Figure%203.%20The%20AIA%20304%2C%20171%20and%20193%20A%20channels%20show%20the%20chromospheric%20and%20coronal%20activity%20inside%20regions%201%20and%203.%20The%20rest%20of%20the%20FOV%20looks%20very%20quiet%20with%20some%20long%20loops%20extended%20across%20the%20FOV%20that%20originate%20in%20an%20active%20region%20north%20of%20the%20visible%20FOV."},{"type":"image","file":"","url":"nuggetvideos/2024/06/13/pod_polito_vanessa_2024-06-13T20%3A09%3A49.447Z/fig3.png","hash":"19a9d2d08c76c112327a6783c0f526be","mimeType":"image/png","caption":"Figure%203%3A%20From%20left%20to%20right%3A%20Hinode%2FNFI%20magnetogram%2C%20AIA%20304%2C%20AIA%20171%2C%20and%20AIA%20193%20A%20images.%20The%20detected%20IN%20bipoles%20are%20enclosed%20with%20contours%20having%20different%20colors.%20The%20red%20ellipses%20enclose%20the%20same%20regions%20as%20the%20ones%20shown%20in%20Figure%202."},{"type":"text","text":"Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20the%20majority%20of%20IN%20bipoles%20%2872%25%29%20may%20not%20have%20enough%20magnetic%20buoyancy%20nor%20live%20long%20enough%20to%20rise%20through%20the%20solar%20atmosphere%20and%20directly%20affect%20the%20solar%20chromosphere%20and%20beyond.%20This%20result%20should%20be%20understood%20as%20a%20minimum%20-%20more%20active%20QS%20regions%20may%20generate%20stronger%20emerging%20fields%20capable%20of%20rising%20through%20the%20solar%20atmosphere.%0A%0AConsidering%20only%20the%20bipoles%20under%20the%20slit%2C%20then%2040%25%20of%20the%20loops%20may%20heat%20the%20chromosphere%20either%20directly%20through%20reconnection%20with%20the%20overlying%20magnetic%20fields%20or%20through%20cancellation%20of%20the%20footpoints%20with%20the%20surrounding%20flux%20patches.%20Based%20on%20our%20observations%2C%20only%20the%20strongest%20three%20detected%20bipoles%20noticeably%20produced%20a%20local%20temperature%20increase%20in%20the%20chromosphere.%0A%0AWe%20conclude%20that%20newly%20emerging%20IN%20bipoles%2C%20at%20the%20sensitivity%20levels%20and%20spatial%20resolution%20of%20Hinode%2FNFI%20magnetograms%2C%20cannot%20globally%20maintain%20the%20chromospheric%20heating%20directly%20through%20interaction%20with%20the%20ambient%20overlying%20magnetic%20fields.%20We%20either%20do%20not%20see%20a%20lot%20of%20evidence%20of%20heating%2C%20except%20for%20larger%20events%2C%20or%20the%20large%20events%20are%20too%20sporadic%20in%20space%20and%20time%20to%20considerably%20support%20the%20chromospheric%20heating."}],"references":["<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SoPh..289.2733D/abstract\">De Pontieu, B., Title, A. M., Lemen, J. R., et al. 2014, SoPh, 289, 2733</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024ApJ...964..175G/abstract\">Gosic, M., De Pontieu, B., & Sainz Dalda, A., et al. 2024, ApJ, 964, 175</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...856..127G/abstract\">Guglielmino, S. L., Zuccarello, F., Young, P. R., Murabito, M., & Romano, P. 2018, ApJ, 856, 127</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SoPh..243....3K/abstract\">Kosugi, T., Matsuzaki, K., Sakao, T., et al. 2007, SoPh, 243, 3</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoPh..275...17L/abstract\">Lemen, J. R., Title, A. M., David, J. A., et al. 2012, SoPh, 275, 17</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...850..153N/abstract\">Nobrega-Siverio, D., Martinez-Sykora, J., Moreno-Insertis, F., & Rouppe van der Voort, L. 2017, ApJ, 850, 153</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoPh..275....3P/abstract\">Pesnell, W. D., Thompson, B. J., & Chamberlin, P. C. 2012, SoPh, 275, 3</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SoPh..275..207S/abstract\">Scherrer, P. H., Schou, J., Bush, R. I., et al. 2012, SoPh, 275, 207</a>","<a href=\"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SoPh..249..167T/abstract\">Tsuneta, S., Ichimoto, K., & Katsukawa, Y. 2008, SoPh, 249, 167</a>","<a href=\"https://www.dropbox.com/s/15qls57fwyk95ej/IRIS_nugget_animations.zip?dl=1\">Animations are available at this https URL.</a>"],"pubDate":"2024-07-15T12:04:54.2Z"}